PhotoSynthesis
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interdependent processes.
Autotrophic cells capture free energy through photosynthesis and chemosynthesis.
Photosynthesis traps free energy present in sunlight that, in turn, is used to produce carbohydrates from carbon dioxide.
Autotrophs capture free energy from the environment including energy present in sunlight and chemical sources.
Through a series of coordinated reaction pathways, photosynthesis traps free energy in sunlight that, in turn, is used to produce carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water.
Autotrophs capture free energy from physical sources in the environment:
- Photosynthetic organisms capture free energy present in sunlight.
The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis in eukaryotes involve a series of coordinated reaction pathways that capture free energy present in light to yield ATP and NADPH, which power the production of organic molecules.
- During photosynthesis, chlorophylls absorb free energy from light, boosting electrons to a higher energy
level in Photosystems I and II.
-Photosystems I and II are embedded in the internal membranes of chloroplasts (thylakoids) are connected
by the transfer of higher free energy electrons through an electron transport chain (ETC)
-When electrons are transferred between molecules in a sequence of reactions as they pass through the ETC,
and electrochemical gradient of hydrogen ions (protons) across the thylakoid membrane is established.
-The formation of the proton gradient is a separate process, but it is linked to the synthesis of ATP from ADP
and inorganic phosphate via ATP synthase.
-The energy captured in the light reactions as ATP and NADPH powers the production of carbohydrates from
carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle, which occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast.
- memorization of the steps of the Calvin cycle and the enzymes involved is not necessary.
Photosynthesis first evolved in prokaryotic organisms; scientific evidence supports that prokaryotic (bacterial) photosynthesis aaas responsible for the production of an oxygenated atmosphere; prokaryotic photosynthetic pathways were the foundation of eukaryotic photosynthesis.
The electron transport chain captures free energy from electrons in a series of coupled reactions that establish an electrochemical gradient across membranes.
- ETC reactions occur in chloroplasts during photosynthesis
-NADP+ is the final electron acceptor in the ETC during photosynthesis.
-The passage of electrons is accompanied by the formation of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane of
the chloroplasts, with the membrane separating the region of high proton concentration (in the thylakoid space)
and the region of low proton concentration (in the stroma).
-The flow of protons back through membrane-bound ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
The student is able to:
-use representations to pose scientific questions about what mechanisms and structural features allow organisms to capture, store and use free energy.
-construct explanations of the mechanisms and structural features of cells that allow organisms to capture, store or use free energy.
Autotrophic cells capture free energy through photosynthesis and chemosynthesis.
Photosynthesis traps free energy present in sunlight that, in turn, is used to produce carbohydrates from carbon dioxide.
Autotrophs capture free energy from the environment including energy present in sunlight and chemical sources.
Through a series of coordinated reaction pathways, photosynthesis traps free energy in sunlight that, in turn, is used to produce carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water.
Autotrophs capture free energy from physical sources in the environment:
- Photosynthetic organisms capture free energy present in sunlight.
The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis in eukaryotes involve a series of coordinated reaction pathways that capture free energy present in light to yield ATP and NADPH, which power the production of organic molecules.
- During photosynthesis, chlorophylls absorb free energy from light, boosting electrons to a higher energy
level in Photosystems I and II.
-Photosystems I and II are embedded in the internal membranes of chloroplasts (thylakoids) are connected
by the transfer of higher free energy electrons through an electron transport chain (ETC)
-When electrons are transferred between molecules in a sequence of reactions as they pass through the ETC,
and electrochemical gradient of hydrogen ions (protons) across the thylakoid membrane is established.
-The formation of the proton gradient is a separate process, but it is linked to the synthesis of ATP from ADP
and inorganic phosphate via ATP synthase.
-The energy captured in the light reactions as ATP and NADPH powers the production of carbohydrates from
carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle, which occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast.
- memorization of the steps of the Calvin cycle and the enzymes involved is not necessary.
Photosynthesis first evolved in prokaryotic organisms; scientific evidence supports that prokaryotic (bacterial) photosynthesis aaas responsible for the production of an oxygenated atmosphere; prokaryotic photosynthetic pathways were the foundation of eukaryotic photosynthesis.
The electron transport chain captures free energy from electrons in a series of coupled reactions that establish an electrochemical gradient across membranes.
- ETC reactions occur in chloroplasts during photosynthesis
-NADP+ is the final electron acceptor in the ETC during photosynthesis.
-The passage of electrons is accompanied by the formation of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane of
the chloroplasts, with the membrane separating the region of high proton concentration (in the thylakoid space)
and the region of low proton concentration (in the stroma).
-The flow of protons back through membrane-bound ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
The student is able to:
-use representations to pose scientific questions about what mechanisms and structural features allow organisms to capture, store and use free energy.
-construct explanations of the mechanisms and structural features of cells that allow organisms to capture, store or use free energy.